Table 3.
Characteristics | Crude OR (95% CI) | P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Boys | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | 0.481 | 0.91 (0.62-1.34) | 0.641 |
Girls | Reference | Reference | ||
Age | ||||
5-6 years (60-83 months) | Reference | Reference | ||
7-8 years (84-107 months) | 1.56 (0.89-2.74) | 0.118 | 1.68 (0.95-3.00) | 0.076 |
9-10 years (108-131 months) | 2.58 (1.52-4.41) | < 0.001 | 2.94 (1.68-5.16) | < 0.001 |
11-12 years (132-155 months) | 5.35 (2.97-9.62) | < 0.001 | 3.60 (1.89-6.88) | < 0.001 |
Area and socioeconomic status (SES) | ||||
Urban, high SES | Reference | Reference | ||
Urban, middle SES | 0.84 (0.37-1.90) | 0.679 | 0.72 (0.30-1.74) | 0.465 |
Urban, low SES | 3.91 (2.09-7.33) | < 0.001 | 2.58 (1.15-5.81) | 0.025 |
Rural, low/disadvantaged SES | 7.33 (4.02-13.38) | < 0.001 | 2.49 (0.95-6.53) | 0.063 |
Neighborhood income | ||||
Low | 9.82 (4.27-22.61) | < 0.001 | 4.62 (1.63-13.10) | 0.004 |
Middle | 2.07 (0.87-4.95) | 0.102 | 1.81 (0.69-4.74) | 0.226 |
High | Reference | Reference | ||
Parental education | ||||
Illiterate | 3.44 (2.03-5.83) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (0.26-1.16) | 0.117 |
High school | 2.92 (1.75-4.89) | < 0.001 | 0.80 (0.41-1.55) | 0.507 |
College | 0.83 (0.45-1.55) | 0.562 | 0.61 (0.32-1.19) | 0.146 |
Higher education | Reference | Reference | ||
Number of siblings | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
1-3 | 1.33 (0.18-10.03) | 0.781 | 1.07 (0.13-8.73) | 0.952 |
> 3 | 3.44 (0.46-25.69) | 0.228 | 1.12 (0.13-9.41) | 0.915 |
Number of persons in child's living room | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
1-3 | 7.76 (1.06-58.72) | 0.044 | 4.49 (0.60-33.65) | 0.144 |
> 3 | 13.63 (1.88-98.66) | 0.010 | 4.25 (0.56-32.16) | 0.161 |
Smoking in living place | ||||
Yes | 1.91 (1.36-2.67) | < 0.001 | 1.33 (0.92-1.93) | 0.136 |
No | Reference | Reference |