Table 1.
Characteristics of the Overall Study Cohort by Antiretroviral Therapy Statusa
| Variable | Total (N = 123) | Receiving ART (n = 58) | Not receiving ART (n = 65) | P value |
| Age, years | 40.2 (34.7–46.2) | 42.6 (37.4–47.5) | 38.9 (29.5–44.7) | .008 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 93 (76) | 40 (69) | 53 (83) | .09 |
| Black race, no. (%) | 47 (39) | 22 (38) | 25 (39) | 1.00 |
| Current smoker, no. (%) | 60 (53) | 23 (41) | 31 (53) | .20 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 117 (109–127) | 118 (108–126) | 117 (110–129) | .66 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.1 (22.1–28.4) | 24.8 (21.7–28.8) | 25.1 (22.1–27.9) | .80 |
| CD4 cell count/μL | 428 (280–708) | 469 (362–770) | 385 (257–623) | .02 |
| HIV-1 RNA level <400 copies/mL, no. (%) | 55 (47) | 46 (84) | 9 (14) | <.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.36 (1.76–3.29) | 2.29 (1.59–3.21) | 2.45 (1.93–3.54) | .21 |
| Serum triglycerides, mg/dL | 107 (79–177) | 112 (82–179) | 101 (79–170) | .39 |
| Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL | 164 (145–196) | 177 (160–221) | 155 (123–179) | <.0001 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 43 (34–52) | 48 (35, 57) | 40 (29, 47) | .008 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 97 (81–121) | 103 (90–131) | 93 (64–111) | .009 |
| Serum non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 121 (104–145) | 138 (111–158) | 115 (81–139) | .001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) | 0.80 (0.70–1.00) | 0.90 (0.80–1.00) | .15 |
| Creatinine clearance, mL/min | 118.0 (95.6–138.8) | 117.0 (92.5–139.0) | 118.0 (99.0–138.5) | .70 |
| Creatinine clearance, <60 mL/min, no. (%) | 3 (3) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 1.00 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.732 | 102.3 (90.3–119.5) | 102.3 (87.0–119.4) | 102.3 (93.2–119.6) | .50 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, <60 mL/min/1.732 | 3 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | .60 |
| Urine protein-creatinine ratio, g/g | 0.076 (0.055–0.114) | 0.078 (0.056–0.123) | 0.075 (0.050–0.096) | .62 |
| Urine protein-creatinine ratio, >0.2 g/g | 12 (11) | 5 (9) | 7 (13) | .55 |
| Urine albumin-creatinine ratio, mg/g | 3.7 (2.3–8.2) | 3.8 (2.2–8.7) | 3.7 (2.3–7.3) | .83 |
| Urine albumin-creatinine ratio, >30 mg/g | 13 (12) | 7 (12) | 6 (11) | 1.00 |
| Baseline brachial artery diameter, cm | 0.40 (0.36–0.45) | 0.40 (0.33–0.45) | 0.41 (0.37–0.45) | .39 |
| Flow-mediated dilation, % | 5.04 (2.85–7.20) | 5.47 (2.82–7.20) | 4.87 (2.89–7.20) | .65 |
| Nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, % | 15.76 (12.42–22.27) | 15.00 (11.68–21.03) | 16.16 (13.34–23.66) | .23 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. P values are for the comparisons between those receiving and not receiving ART.