Table 3.

Arthritis and fucoidan.

Fucoidan	Model	Adminstration	Observation	Reference
Fucus vesiculosis Macrocystis pyrifera Laminaria japonica	Human clinical	Oral daily 100 mg or 1000 mg for three months	No toxicity Up to 52% reduction in symptoms	Myers 2010 [27]
Fucus fucoidan (Sigma)	Mouse with surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus	20 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection	Fucoidan suppressed cellular infiltration of joint and suppress post-operative (3 days), but not late (16 weeks) pain	Mcnamee 2010 [70]
Fucus fucoidan (Sigma)	Wistar rats with carrageenan induced local inflammation in the footpad	20 mg/kg intravenously	Fucoidan inhibits mechanical hypernociception and neutrophil migration	Cunha 2008 [69]
Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan	Collagen induced arthritis in mice	100 kDa, 3.5 kDa and 1 kDa fractions orally administered daily 300 mg/kg to 49 days	1 kDa fraction effectively inhibited whereas 100 kDa exacerbated disease	Park 2010 [41]