Table 1.

In vitro antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of sponge-isolated compounds 1–9.

Compound	% of inhibition of the growth a
	U-937 cells (20 μM)	L. panamensis		P. falciparum Total forms (5 μM)	T. cruzi Intracellular amastigotes (10 μM)
		Axenic amastigotes (20 μM)	Intracellular amastigotes (10 μM)
1	94.8 ± 3.6	0	NE	35.3 ± 3.5	29.1 ± 0.4
2	8.2 ± 1.7	0.3 ± 0.06	2.1 ± 0.4	7.9 ± 1.2	0
3	0	0	NE	0	0
4	5.3 ± 1.1	0	NE	0	0
5	45.3 ± 13.5	0	NE	7.1 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 0.3
6	0	0	NE	0	0.2 ± 0.03
7	0	1.6 ± 0.4	0	23.2 ± 1.0	0
8	0	0.0	12.6 ± 0.9	8.0 ± 0.5	0
9	58.2 ± 12.0	7.7 ± 1.6	NE	10.8 ± 1.5	6.3 ± 1.3
Amphotericin B b	53.2	60.4 ± 5.7	44.9 ± 7.1	NA	NA
Chloroquine c	NA	NA	NA	66.8 ± 1.3	NA
Benznidazole d	NA	NA	NA	NA	44.5 ± 2.7

^aPercentage of inhibition corresponds to the inhibition of the U-937 cells or parasites growth determined by colorimetric MTT method (for U-937 cells and axenic amastigotes of L. panamensis), flow cytometry (for intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis), fluorometry (for P. falciparum total forms) and colorimetric β-galactosidase method (for T. cruzi intracellular amastigotes). Data are expressed as the average from at least two independent experiments, each done in triplicate;

^bLethal Concentration 50 (LC₅₀) for U-937 cells (previously determined in our lab) = 33.2 μM; Effective Concentration 50 (EC₅₀) for axenic and intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis (previously determined in our lab) = 0.05 μM and 0.04 μM, respectively;

^cEC₅₀ for total forms of P. falciparum (previously determined in our lab) = 42.6 μM;

^dEC₅₀ for intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi (previously determined in our lab) = 9.3 μM. NE: Not evaluated due to the high toxicity level; NA: Not applicable because these drugs are not used for these parasites.