Figure 3. Effect of crude extract, fractions and compounds of F. japonica on chemotaxis and cell viability.

A. Jurkat cells were pre-treated with vehicle (DMSO) and the crude extract (CE), chloroform (Chl) fraction, ethylacetate (EA) and water fraction (H₂O) of F. japonica at 10 µg/ml for 24 h. The cells were treated with PBS and SDF-1β, respectively, for an additional 4 h in transwell microplates. The number of cells in the bottom well were counted. Cell migration is indicated as migration index (%), as defined in Materials and Methods. B. Jurkat cells were pre-treated the same way as described for Figure 3A, and cell viability was measured using WST-1 test. C. Jurkat cells underwent the same procedure as Figure 3A except that they were pre-treated with DMSO vehicle, resveratrol, emodin and physcion at 0.1, 1 and 2.5 µg/ml for 24 h. D. Jurkat cells were pre-treated the same way as described for Figure 3B and cell viability was measured using WST-1 test. E. Jurkat cells underwent the same procedure as Figure 3A except that DMSO vehicle, the crude extract (CE, 1, 5 and 10 µg/ml), the crude extract without emodin and physcion (CE-EP, 9.62 µg/ml) and a mixture of emodin (0.03, 0.14 and 0.27 µg/ml) and physcion (0.01, 0.06 and 0.11 µg/ml) of F. japonica were used. Data from 3 independent experiments are expressed as mean ± SE. P<0.05 (*).