Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for indicators of mother-child mutuality, maternal positivity and maternal negativity, by family type
| Natural conception | Egg donation | Surrogacy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | ||
| Mother- child mutuality |
M responsiveness | 5.32 | .68 | 3-6 | 4.88 | .83 | 3-6 | 5.04 | .71 | 4-6 |
| C responsiveness | 4.82 | .92 | 2-6 | 4.36 | 1.08 | 2-6 | 4.48 | .73 | 3-6 | |
| D reciprocity | 1.80 | 1.01 | 0-5 | 1.44 | .82 | 0-3 | 1.87 | 1.29 | 0-5 | |
| D cooperation | 1.58 | 1.14 | 0-5 | .96 | .74 | 0-3 | 1.04 | .88 | 0-3 | |
| Maternal positivity |
M-C interaction | 1.46 | .57 | 0-2 | 1.19 | .64 | 0-2 | 1.28 | .77 | 0-2 |
| M expressed warmth | 1.06 | .79 | 0-2 | .91 | .69 | 0-2 | 1.03 | .74 | 0-2 | |
| M sensitive | 1.52 | .64 | 0-2 | 1.10 | .67 | 0-2 | 1.40 | .72 | 0-2 | |
| Maternal negativity |
M battle frequency | 1.26 | .76 | 0-2 | 1.38 | .75 | 0-2 | 1.16 | .69 | 0-2 |
| M battle level | 1.15 | .53 | 0-2 | 1.28 | .52 | 0-2 | 1.22 | .61 | 0-2 | |
| M criticism | 1.11 | .66 | 0-2 | 1.09 | .64 | 0-2 | 1.09 | .64 | 0-2 | |
| M aggression | 1.11 | .60 | 0-2 | 1.28 | .58 | 0-2 | 1.00 | .57 | 0-2 | |