Table 1.

Life-History Phenotypes of Ancestral and Evolved Populations

		Reproduction		Life Span		Development
Line	Generation	r	LRS	Mean	Hazard Ratio	Time to Spermatids	Time to Oocytes	Time to Embryos	Odds Ratio, Age of 3 Days
Ancestor	0	1.32 (0.02)	177.73 (8.90)	13.09 (0.18)	NA	45.90 (0.16)	47.03 (0.13)	48.07 (0.16)	NA
A	6	1.42 (0.03)**	177.03 (10.45)
	24	1.56 (0.03)***	266.34 (10.45)***
	47	1.35 (0.03)	186.04 (11.74)	11.98** (0.36)	1.06***	45.44 (0.21)	46.76 (0.16)	47.33 (0.16)*	0.53 (0.23)
B	6	1.46 (0.03)***	197.30 (10.83)
	24	1.46 (0.03)***	181.67 (10.83)
	47	1.50 (0.02)***	179.43 (10.28)	14.28** (0.34)	0.55***	45.58 (0.18)	47.26 (0.14)**	48.15 (0.15)	1.86 (0.78)
C	6	1.47 (0.03)***	189.85 (11.04)
	24	1.34 (0.03)	163.54 (11.49)
	47	1.54 (0.03)***	198.33 (10.83)	13.36 (0.39)	1.44	45.76 (0.16)	47.02 (0.11)	47.29 (0.13)**	0.41 (0.14)*
D	6	1.52 (0.03)***	214.96 (10.64)**
	24	1.41 (0.03)***	193.00 (10.45)
	47	1.50 (0.03)***	235.57 (10.64)***	13.06 (0.38)	0.90	46.01 (0.16)	47.10 (0.12)	47.59 (0.11)*	2.94 (1.37)*
F	6	1.52 (0.03)***	205.79 (10.45)*
	24	1.47 (0.03)***	185.74 (10.83)
	47	1.50 (0.03)***	215.10 (12.29)*	13.72 (0.36)	0.82	44.58 (0.18)***	46.28 (0.13)**	47.07 (0.11)***	5.97 (3.93)**

Note: Summary statistics and comparisons of evolved versus the ancestral populations. r = intrinsic rate of increase. LRS is mean lifetime reproductive success. Mean life span in days was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method including censored individuals. Hazard ratio is risk of death (life span) relative to the ancestral population. Time to developmental stage was measured in hours post-L1. For all estimates, standard errors are presented in parentheses. All reported significance values are the result of planned contrasts with the ancestor and are indicated via asterisks: *p ≤ .05, ** p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .0001. Reproduction ancestor N = 40, evolved lines average N = 26. Life span, ancestor N = 393, evolved N = ∼140. Development average N = 46 per line and sample.