Figure 4.

Changes in fungal morphology when grown on medium containing shikonin. A, R. solani hyphal growth on control plate showing an even growth pattern. B, R. solani hyphal growth on 100 μg/mL shikonin showing clumping of hyphae. C, R. solani hyphal growth on 200 μg/mL shikonin showing sequestration of shikonin pigment in the hyphal clumps. D, Spores of A. niger grown on 5 μg/mL shikonin. Spores are dark and dumbbell shaped. E, Spores of A. niger grown on 200 μg/mL shikonin. Spores are beige and round. F, Spores of G. intraradices grown on M medium in the presence of L. erythrorhizon hairy roots. Pigment is not apparent in the medium by visual inspection. Pigment is transported through the hyphae and deposited on a small fraction of the spores in any one area.