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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Discov Today Dis Models. 2011 Winter;8(4):129–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2011.07.002

Figure 1. Overview of Human Sleep Regulation.

Figure 1

This simplified circuit diagram outlines key neural structures and physiological processes that regulate sleep in humans. See text for details. Solid arrows indicate direct anatomic or physiologic pathways. Dotted arrows indicate indirect pathways. VLPO = Ventrolateral preoptic area. LHA = Lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area. LC = locus coeruleus. LDT = Laterodorsal pontine tegmentum. PPT = Pedunculopontine tegmentum. TMN = Tuberomamillary nucleus.