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Schematic illustration of GNR@SiO2@PE-PEG. NRs are encapsulated within a thin layer of silica shell, followed by surface modification with a hydrophobic silane, OTMS. The hydrophobic GNR@SiO2–C18 is then solubilized with PE-PEG with terminal COOH groups for potential bioconjugation. Figure is not drawn to scale.
