Table 1. Daily and annual energetic requirements in kcal and number of Chinook salmon (based on a hypothetical 16,386 kcal salmon, [34]) for the current size of the southern resident killer whale (SRKW) population, considering various levels of asymptotic length and mass attained by killer whales in the population.
Body Length | Male | Female | Total Energy Requirement | Total Chinook Requirement | |||||
Scenario | Asymptotic | Asymptotic | kcal | kcal | “100%” | “100%” | “Summer” | ||
(Source) | Length (cm) | Mass (kg) | Length (cm) | Mass (kg) | (×106) (per day) | (×109) (per year) | fish (per day) | fish ×103 (per year) | Fish ×103 (per year) |
IWC NP Max | 820 | 9655 | 780 | 8393 | 17.8 | 6.5 | 1088 | 397 | 98 |
IWC NP 99th | 804 | 9137 | 742 | 7298 | 16.2 | 5.9 | 988 | 361 | 89 |
IWC NP 95th | 770 | 8096 | 710 | 6451 | 14.4 | 5.3 | 880 | 321 | 79 |
IWC NP 80th | 700 | 6199 | 630 | 4616 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 662 | 242 | 59 |
SeaWorld Max | 685 | 5835 | 626 | 4534 | 10.5 | 3.8 | 639 | 233 | 57 |
SeaWorld 99th | 678 | 5669 | 620 | 4413 | 10. 2 | 3.7 | 622 | 227 | 56 |
SeaWorld 95th | 651 | 5059 | 598 | 3989 | 9.2 | 3.3 | 562 | 205 | 50 |
SeaWorld 80th | 604 | 4102 | 560 | 3319 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 468 | 171 | 42 |
Our best estimate of body size in SRKW is based on the 80th percentile of body lengths from the IWC catch records from the North Pacific, shown in bold. The “100%” scenario is hypothetical and illustrative: it naively converts caloric requirement to units of fish, assuming that the diet is composed entirely of Chinook salmon. The “Summer” scenario only estimates prey requirements from May–September, based on the proportion (83%) of the diet that is estimated to come from Chinook salmon in summer [17], [18]. Note that a ‘recovered’ population refers here to 155 animals in 2029 (one scenario calculated from the 2001 population of 81 animals with an estimated average annual growth of 2.3 percent over the succeeding 28 years, [31]). A recovered population will require at least 75% more energy than the values predicted here.