FIG. 6.

In vitro immunomodulatory activity of lactobacilli, determined by measuring TNF-α inhibition in LPS-activated murine macrophages. Selected murine Lactobacillus strains are shown. Note that all of the L. johnsonii strains, regardless of origin, failed to diminish TNF-α inhibition. A subset of lactobacilli recovered from mice without colitis displayed immunomodulatory activity. LGG, L. rhamnosus GG; K/O, knockout (deficient). LPS was from E. coli O127:B8. Error bars indicate standard deviations.