Figure 1.

Pyruvate increases motility and hyperactivation of human spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner. Purified human spermatozoa were incubated under capacitating conditions for 30 min in the presence of 5 mM glucose and incremental concentrations (64 nM–5 mM) of pyruvate (•). Effects of exogenous pyruvate on sperm motility were determined by CASA as (A) motility (%), (B) progressive motility (%), (C) VCL (µm/s) and (D) hyperactive motility (%). All data sets are presented as mean ± SEM from four separate experiments (n= 8).