Table 2.
Density, TBC (total basal cover), IVI (importance value index) of ethnomedicinal plants
| Species | Family | Tropical | Sub-tropical | Temperate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trees (ha-1) | Ethnomedicinal uses | Part used | Density | TBC | IVI | Density | TBC | IVI | Density | TBC | IVI | |
| Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. | Fabaceae | digestive purposes, respiratory diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, bronchitis, menstrual disorder | W,B | 88 | 2.08 | 29.22 | 106 | 2.40 | 41.20 | - | - | - |
| Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa | Rutaceae | digestive disorders | F | 52 | 0.74 | 19.19 | 88 | 1.34 | 34.08 | - | - | - |
| Cassia fistula L. | Fabaceae | antiseptic, asthma, respiratory disorder | F,B | 56 | 1.068 | 17.39 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex A. DC. | Apocynaceae | Dysentery, febrifuge | B,L,S | 72 | 1.33 | 23.63 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude | Ericaceae | Wounds, boils | S | - | - | - | - | - | - | 153 | 3.55 | 54.97 |
| Ougeinia oojeinensis Hochr. | Fabaceae | digestive troubles | G | 32 | 0.40 | 14.69 | 56 | 1.24 | 22.6 | - | - | - |
| Phyllanthus embelica L. | Euphorbiaceae | Source of vitamin C | F | - | - | - | 44 | 0.81 | 19.02 | - | - | - |
| Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Rosaceae | Swellings, contusions | B | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84 | 1.73 | 33.76 |
| Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | Rosaceae | digestive disorders | F | - | - | - | - | - | - | 82 | 1.75 | 30.87 |
| Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus | Fagaceae | gonorrheal and digestive disorders | G | - | - | - | - | - | - | 219 | 5.02 | 71.14 |
| Rhododendron arboreum Sm. | Ericaceae | digestive and respiratory disorders | F,B | - | - | - | - | - | - | 160 | 4.40 | 62.19 |
| Terminalia belerica Roxb. | Combretaceae | Fruit is ingredient of Trifala | F | 32 | 1.28 | 20.34 | 32 | 0.74 | 11.43 | - | - | - |
| Terminalia chebula Retz. | Combretaceae | Fruit is ingredient of Trifala | F | - | - | - | 32 | 1.34 | 14.19 | - | - | - |
| Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb.) Wight &Arn. | Combretaceae | liver troubles | B | 24 | 0.57 | 15.09 | 36 | 1.34 | 17.34 | - | - | - |
| Shrubs (ha-1) | ||||||||||||
| Adhatoda vasica Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. | Acanthaceae | cough, cold, pulmonary affections, bronchitis and fever | F,L,T | 364 | 0.041 | 60.79 | 394 | 0.062 | 36.45 | - | - | - |
| Berberis asiatica Roxb. | Berberidaceae | ophthalmic | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | 275 | 0.034 | 77.80 |
| Calotropis procera (Aiton). W.T. Aiton | Asclepiadaceae | expectorant, cough, cold, asthma | R,F | 92 | 0.007 | 16.96 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. | Lamiaceae | wounds | L | 72 | 0.008 | 13.48 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. Kurz ex Lindl. | Rosaceae | scabies and rheumatic arthritis | L | - | - | - | - | - | - | 72 | 0.009 | 26.83 |
| Indigofera gerardiana Wall. ex Baker | Fabaceae | diarrhea, dysentery and cough. | L | 252 | 0.063 | 29.25 | - | - | - | |||
| Leptodermis lanceolata Wall. | Rubiaceae | migraines | B | - | - | - | - | - | - | 116 | 0.011 | 28.79 |
| Prinsipia utilis Royle | Rosaceae | rheumatic pains, diarrhea | S,B | - | - | - | - | - | - | 180 | 0.042 | 41.86 |
| Rhus parviflora Roxb. | Anacardiaceae | Cholera | L | 284 | 0.113 | 36.22 | 88 | 0.015 | 26.49 | |||
| Woodfordia fructicosa L. | Lythraceae | febrifuge | L | 316 | 0.092 | 37.33 | - | - | - | |||
| Herbs (m2) | ||||||||||||
| Achyranthes aspera L | Amaranthaceae | malarial fever, delivery, dropsy, bronchitis | WP | 0.36 | 0.025 | 15.33 | 0.08 | 0.009 | 9.08 | - | - | - |
| Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume | Amaranthaceae | Diuretic, demulcent. | WP | 0.37 | 0.06 | 25.68 | 0.12 | 0.011 | 9.08 | - | - | - |
| Ageratum conyzoides L. | Asteraceae | sores, cuts, skin ailments | WP | - | - | - | 0.15 | 0.016 | 10.11 | - | - | - |
| Ajuga brachystemon Maxim. | Lamiaceae | febrifuge | L | 0.17 | 0.009 | 9.88 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Anagallis arvensis L. | Primulaceae | leprosy, dropsy,cerebral affections | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.26 | 0.004 | 9.19 |
| Barleria prionitis L. | Acanthaceae | Cough, cold | R,B | 0.21 | 0.004 | 8.86 | 0.20 | 0.006 | 11.44 | - | - | - |
| Bidens bipinnata L. | Asteraceae | Leprosy, cures | L | 0.17 | 0.023 | 11.91 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Boerhavia diffusa L. | Nyctaginaceae | Asthma, bronchitis, energy tonic | WP | 0.32 | 0.007 | 11.86 | 0.26 | 0.007 | 13.35 | - | - | - |
| Commelina benghalensis L. | Commelinaceae | Dysentery, swelling, ache. | WP | 0.21 | 0.026 | 13.12 | 0.19 | 0.001 | 13.51 | - | - | - |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Poaceae | fever | R | 0.42 | 0.002 | 11.49 | 0.25 | 0.032 | 21.42 | - | - | - |
| Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall. ex Benth. | Boraginaceae | Dyspepsia, digestive. | R | 0.19 | 0.024 | 13.39 | 0.28 | 0.032 | 21.87 | - | - | - |
| Desmodium elegans DC. | Fabaceae | carminatives | R | 0.20 | 0.23 | 11.38 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Euphorbia hirta L. | Euphorbiaceae | bronchial infection, asthma, warts | WP | - | - | - | 0.22 | 0.006 | 11.96 | - | - | - |
| Geranium ocellatum Cambess. | Geraniaceae | liver troubles, fever | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | 0.033 | 18.76 |
| Imperata cylindrica L. | Poaceae | tonic | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.33 | 0.004 | 9.18 |
| Launaea asplenifolia Hook. f. | Asteraceae | diarrhea | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | 0.003 | 11.94 |
| Leucus indica (L.) R. Br. Ex Vatke | Lamiaceae | Wound, sores | L | 0.16 | 0.026 | 11.05 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mentha arvensis L. | Lamiaceae | Vomiting, indigestion | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.031 | 14.92 |
| Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Benth. | Lamiaceae | gastroenteritis | L | - | - | - | 0.45 | 0.015 | 17.32 | - | - | - |
| Origanum vulgare | Lamiaceae | bronchitis, colic, diarrhea | WP | 0.27 | 0.07 | 24.74 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oxalis corniculata (DC.) Raeusch | Oxalidaceae | Cataract, conjunctivitis | L | 0.33 | 0.002 | 11.49 | 0.025 | 0.032 | 21.42 | - | - | - |
| Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. | Euphorbiaceae | astringent, stomachic, diuretic, febrifuge | WP | 0.42 | 0.002 | 14.07 | 0.22 | 0.003 | 10.24 | - | - | - |
| Pimpinella diversifolia DC. | Apiaceae | Cough, cold, digestive disorders | WP | - | - | - | 0.37 | 0.004 | 15.13 | - | - | - |
| Ranunculus sceleratus L. | Ranunculaceae | Vermifuge, skin disorders | WP | 0.18 | 0.004 | 10.53 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Roylae cinerea (D.Don) Baill. | Lamiaceae | malarial fever | L | 0.17 | 0.014 | 9.13 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rumex hastatus D. Don | Polygonaceae | Cuts, wounds,check bleeding | L | 0.20 | 0.03 | 13.80 | 0.10 | 0.005 | 11.49 | - | - | - |
| Saponaria vaccaria L. | Caryophyllaceae | bile complaints | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.27 | 0.005 | 12.80 |
| Sida acuta Burm.f | Malvaceae | Demulcent, diuretic, leucorrhoea | L, R | 0.34 | 0.054 | 21.06 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Sida cordifolia L. | Malvaceae | dyspepsia, astringent, diuretic | S,R | 0.44 | 0.101 | 32.31 | 0.155 | 0.004 | 39.54 | - | - | - |
| Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don | Gentianaceae | febrifuge | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.23 | 0.023 | 14.92 |
| Tridax procumbens L. | Asteraceae | Wounds, cuts | WP | 0.39 | 0.002 | 13.37 | 0.34 | 0.043 | 27.35 | - | - | - |
| Vernonia anthelmintica (L) Willd. | Asteraceae | intestinal disorders, fever, skin ailments | WP | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.26 | 0.053 | 21.84 |
| Potentilla gerardiana Lindey ex Lehmann | Rosaceae | wounds | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.23 | 0.05 | 14.9 |
W = wood; B = Bark; F = Fruit; L = Leaf; S = Seed; G = Gum; F = Flower; T = Twigs; R = Root; WP = Whole Plant