Fig. 4.

Extracellular histones modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. (A) Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was determined in sham-treated mice and mice that underwent ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion. Animals were treated with exogenous histones mixture or vehicle PBS. (B) Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was determined. Hepatic protein lysates from ischemic lobes were obtained; each lane represents a separate animal. The blots shown are representative of three experiments with similar results. (C) Phosphorylation at serine 536 of the p65 subunit of NF-κB after 1 hour of I/R.