Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Sketch of the behavior of hR (line) and hM (thick cross) to measurement of noise and missing or omitted data. (A) All data, thick cross, ratio of means; line, regression. (B) Noisier data, the regression slope decreases, the ratio of means is less affected. (C) Missing or omitted large effects (open circles); the ratio of means changes, the regression slope is less affected.
