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. 2011 Nov 11;89(5):607–618. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.10.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Interpretation of High Levels of Pleiotropy in Particular Disease Classes

If there was a high level of pleiotropy in disease class A, all characteristics of genes associated with disease class A would be associated with pleiotropy (including, but not specifically, the characteristic leading to overrepresentation of disease class A in the pleiotropy category). Therefore, some gene characteristics could be associated with pleiotropy as a result of confounding.