Table 1.
HMGB-1 as a therapeutic target in the prevention of ALI/ARDS.
| Cause of ALI | Animal model | Therapeutic agent tested | Effect of therapeutic agent on HMGB-1 | Effect of therapeutic agent on lung injury | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secondary (systemic) causes of acute lung injury | |||||
| Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion | Rat | Hemoperfusion | Decreased serum, liver HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 62 |
| Trauma and/or hemorrhage | Pig | Ethyl pyruvate | Decreased serum HMGB-1 | Decreased lung myeloperoxidase | 63 |
| Mouse | Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | n/a | Decreased lung albumin extravasation, decreased lung myeloperoxidase | 56 | |
| Sepsis | Rat | Glutamine | Decreased lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 64 |
| Gabexate mesilate | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 65 | ||
| Sodium butyrate | Decreased lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio;decreased BAL neutrophil count | 66 | ||
| Sivelestat | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio;Improved lung injury histology score | 67 | ||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio;Improved lung injury histology score | 68 | ||
| Danaparoid | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 69 | ||
| Antithrombin III | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung histology | 70 | ||
| Nafamostat mesilate | Decreased lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung histology | 71 | ||
| Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung histology | 72 | ||
| Mouse | Cisplatin | Decreased serum, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 73 | |
| Pancreatitis | Rat | Ethyl pyruvate | Decreased serum HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio;improved lung injury histology score | 74 |
| Mouse | HMGB-1 “Box A” protein | Decreased serum HMGB-1 | Improved lung injury histology score | 75 | |
| Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | n/a | Improved lung histology | 76 | ||
| Primary (pulmonary) causes of acute lung injury | |||||
| Pneumonia | Mouse | Nicotine | Decreased lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Decreased extravascular lung water; improved histology | 77 |
| Ethyl pyruvate | Decreased BAL HMGB-1 | Decreased lung albumin extravasation | 78 | ||
| HMGB-1 “Box A” protein | Decreased BAL HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio; decreased BAL protein;improved histology | 79 | ||
| CoPPIX (increases Heme oxygenase) | Decreased BAL, lung parenchyma HMGB-1 | Decreased wet-dry ratio;decreased lung albumin extravasation; decreased BAL cell count;improved histology | 80 | ||
| Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | n/a | Decreased lung albumin extravasation, improved histology | 81 | ||
| Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | n/a | Decreased wet-dry ratio; decreased lung myeloperoxidase; improved histology | 10 | ||
| High tidal volume ventilation | Rat | Anti-HMGB-1 antibody | n/a | Decreased lung albumin extravasation; decreased BAL cell count, decreased BAL lactate dehydrogenase | 82 |