Table 1.

Thermal and hemodynamic data while normothermic, after an ∼1.5°C core temperature increase (heat stress) and at moderate, severe, and presyncopal LBNP

	Normothermic	Heat Stress	Moderate LBNP	Severe LBNP	Presyncope
Mean skin temperature, °C	34.7 ± 0.5	39.2 ± 0.8*	38.8 ± 1.1*	39.0 ± 1.2*	39.0 ± 1.2*
Core temperature, °C	37.04 ± 0.42	38.51 ± 0.43*	38.55 ± 0.53*	38.73 ± 0.56*	38.75 ± 0.57*
Heart rate, beats/min	62 ± 9	107 ± 17*	117 ± 15*	134 ± 19*†	137 ± 13*†

Values are means ± SD; n = 10 for normothermic, heat stress, and moderate lower body negative pressure (LBNP); n = 6 for severe LBNP and presyncope conditions.

^*Significantly different from normothermic (P < 0.05).

^†Significantly different from heat stress (P < 0.05).