Table 1.

Changes in mitochondrial, extracellular matrix, and cytoskeletal/structural genes and proteins in human skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity

	Naturally Occurring Insulin Resistance	Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance	Reduction in Lipid Supply by Acipimox Treatment
Decreased PGC-1α and oxidative phosphorylation	Hwang et al. (23), Lefort et al. (23), Patti et al. (42), Mootha et al. (37)	Richardson et al. (49)	Bajaj et al. (2)
Increased collagens and other extracellular matrix genes, such as CTGF	Berria et al. (4)	Richardson et al. (49)	Bajaj et al. (2)
Increased proteasomes and chaperones	Hwang et al. (23)	No change	No change
Decreased structural proteins	Hwang et al. (23)	No change	No change

PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor.