Table 5.

Correlates of Increasing Multimorbidity Among ALIVE Study Participants (N = 1262)

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)a	P value
Age (per 1-year increase)	1.06 (1.04–1.07)	<.001	1.06 (1.04–1.07)	<.001
Sex
Male	ref		ref
Female	1.10 (.890–1.35)	.388	1.29 (1.04–1.60)	.023
Race
White/Other	ref
African-American	1.86 (1.37–2.53)	<.001
Marital statusb
Never married	ref
Ever married	1.22 (0.989–1.50)	.064
Employedc
No	ref
Yes	0.941 (.744–1.19)	.612
Homelessc
No	ref
Yes	0.813 (.615–1.07)	.144
Cigarette smokerc
No	ref		ref
Yes	0.599 (.458–.784)	<.000	0.697 (.527–.923)	.012
No. alcoholic drinks/dayc
0	ref
1–2	0.734 (.579–.930)	.011
3–4	0.770 (.575–1.03)	.079
≥5	1.00 (.695–1.45)	.981
Drug userc
No	ref		ref
Noninjection only	0.639 (.483–.845)	.002	0.672 (.502–.900)	.008
Injection only	0.652 (.481–.883)	.006	0.753 (.550–1.03)	.075
Both	0.478 (.371–.616)	<.001	0.600 (.458–.787)	<.001
Depressive symptoms
CES-D <23	ref		ref
CES-D ≥23	1.18 (.926–1.50)	.180	1.44 (1.11–1.85)	.005
HIV status
HIV negative	ref		ref
HIV positive	1.99 (1.60–2.49)	<.001	1.50 (1.13–1.99)	.005
Current CD4 T-cell countd	1.11 (1.03–1.20)	.007
CD4 T-cell nadird	1.18 (1.04–1.34)	.003	1.14 (1.00–1.29)	.046
HIV log10 HIV RNAe	1.19 (0.988–1.44)	.067	1.32 (1.08–1.60)	.006

Abbreviations: ALIVE, AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience study; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio.

^aUnivariate and multivariate proportional odds model: Under the proportional odds assumption, the estimated OR applies to any of the 3 ORs being modeled; that is, we estimate the OR for ≥1 conditions relative to 0, the OR for ≥2 conditions relative to 0–1, or the OR for ≥3- conditions relative to 0–2.

^bAt enrollment.

^cIn prior 6 months.

^dPer 100-cell decrease (centered at 200 cells/mm³).

^ePer log₁₀ copies/mL increase (centered at 2.60, level of detection).