TABLE 6.
Detection of Cryptosporidium in natural water by PCR-based molecular techniques
Methoda | Gene target | Vol of water (liters) | No. of positive samples/total no. of samples | Species or genotypeb | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CC-PCR | HSP70 | 10 | Source water: 6/122 | 7 sequence types, probably from C. parvum, C. hominis, and mouse genotype | 51 |
Backwash water: 9/121 | |||||
IMS-nested PCR-RFLP | SSU rRNA | 189-224 (IMS done on Percoll-sucrose concentrates) | Storm water: 27/29 | 12 species/genotypes, all from wildlife | 246 |
IMS-nested PCR | TRAP-C2 | 500-1,000 | Surface and finished water: 11/214 | C. parvum | 113 |
IMS-PCR | SSU rRNA and TRAP-C2 | 500 | River water and sewage effluent: 2/10 | C. parvum | 114 |
IMS-nested PCR-RFLP | SSU rRNA | Surface water: 10-63.1 Wastewater: 0.01-0.50 | Surface water: 25/55 Raw wastewater: 12/49 | Surface water: C. andersoni (5), C. hominis (10), C. parvum (19), C. baileyi (1) | 253 |
Wastewater: C. andersoni (8), C. hominis (1), C. parvum (1), C. canis (1), C. muris (1), C. felis (1), cervine genotype (1) | |||||
RT-PCR | HSP70 | 2.5-10 | River water: 2/6 | C. parvum (1); C. parvum and C. meleagridis (1) | 95 |
IMS-nested PCR | SSU rRNA | 40-80 | Surface water: 7/78 | C. parvum? (3), C. andersoni (4), C. baileyi? (1) | 92 |
IMS-nested PCR | SSU rRNA | 2 or 20 | Surface water: 24/60 Wastewater: 6/8 | C. parvum (6) and C. hominis (4), C. muris (6), C. andersoni (3), C. baileyi (1), 3 new genotypes (3), dinoflagellates (7) | 238 |
Methods detect only C. parvum, C. hominis, C. meleagridis, and closely related parasites. CC-PCR, cell culture PCR; IMS, immunomagnetic separation.
Number of samples where the species was detected is given in parentheses.