Femoral antetorsion measurements

Author	Patients	Range	Mean (SD)	Method	Gender
Maruyama et al. (2001)	100 pelvises, normal joints	–15° to 34°	10° (9)	craniometer, osteometric board	no significant difference in antetorsion
Anda et al. (1991)	33 dysplastic hips, CE < 20°	2° to 45°	20° (12)	2D CT scans
Husmann et al. (1997)	310 hips with osteoarthritis	0° to 45°	25° (9)	2D CT scans
Sugano et al. (1998)	30 patients without deformity	3° to 50°	20° (9)	3D reconstructed CT scans	M: 17° ± 7 W: 23° ± 11 but not significant
Sariali et al. (2009)	223 patients with osteoarthritis	0° to 50°	22° (9)	3D reconstructed CT scans