Aminoacylation of unfractionated tRNA, pure tRNAGln, tRNAAsp, and tRNAAsn from P. aeruginosa PAO1. The reactions shown in panels A, C, and E were conducted in the presence of unfractionated tRNA and catalyzed by partially purified GlnRS, pure GluRS, and pure AspRS from P. aeruginosa PAO1, respectively. Panel B shows the glutaminylation of pure tRNAGln by partially purified GlnRS, and panel F shows the aspartylation of pure tRNAAsp and tRNAAsn by pure AspRS. (D) Identification by TLC (see Methods) of the amino acid charged on tRNA by GluRS in the reaction shown in panel C (lane 1) and by GlnRS in the reaction shown in panel A (lane 2). Shown are complete reactions (filled circles) and controls without either tRNA (X) or enzyme (empty circles).