Fig. 2.

TNF-α stimulation of EnMT in human aortic endothelial cells. SMαA (a) and collagen type I protein (b) expressions in early passage, early passage treated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml), and late passage human aortic endothelial cells. c Spindle morphology in early passage and early passage treated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) human aortic endothelial cells. d SMαA in response to increasing doses of TNF-α. Values are means ± SEM. ∗ p < 0.05 versus early passage, control; black arrows denote spindle morphology.