Table 1.
Descriptive analysis
| Characteristics | Overall | MetS |
p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no | yes | |||
| n (%) | 3,150 | 1,649 (52.3) | 1,501 (47.7) | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Mean age ± SD, years | 69.0 ± 10.3 | 69.4 ± 11.0 | 68.6 ± 9.4 | 0.04 |
| Male | 1,180 (37.5) | 701 (22.3) | 479 (15.2) | <0.0001 |
| Race and ethnicityb | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 660 (21.0) | 383 (23.2) | 277 (18.5) | ref. |
| Non-Hispanic black | 762 (24.2) | 447 (27.1) | 315 (21.0) | 0.81 |
| Hispanic | 1,656 (52.6) | 765 (46.4) | 891 (59.4) | <0.0001 |
| Other risk factors | ||||
| High school graduate | 1,450 (46.0) | 851 (27.0) | 598 (19.0) | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid or no insurance | 1,361 (43.2) | 617 (19.6) | 744 (23.6) | <0.0001 |
| Married | 1,005 (31.9) | 537 (17.0) | 468 (14.9) | 0.40 |
| 3 friends or more | 2,684 (85.2) | 1,402 (44.5) | 1,282 (40.7) | 0.76 |
| Any physical activity | 1,834 (58.2) | 1,033 (32.8) | 801 (25.4) | <0.0001 |
| Mild/moderate alcohol intake | 1,031 (32.7) | 615 (19.5) | 416 (13.2) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 548 (17.4) | 295 (9.4) | 253 (8.0) | 0.55 |
| Former smoker | 1,126 (35.7) | 582 (18.5) | 544 (17.3) | 0.74 |
| Never smoker | 1,475 (46.8) | 772 (24.5) | 703 (22.3) | ref. |
| MetS | ||||
| Glucose ≥100 mg/dlc | 1,095 (34.8) | 230 (7.3) | 865 (27.5) | <0.0001 |
| BP ≥130/85 mm Hg, or HTNd | 2,659 (84.4) | 1,214 (38.5) | 1,445 (45.9) | <0.0001 |
| Abdominal obesitye | 1,329 (42.2) | 318 (10.1) | 1,011 (32.1) | <0.0001 |
| Low HDLf | 1,702 (54.0) | 440 (14.0) | 1,262 (40.0) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl | 931 (29.5) | 117 (3.7) | 814 (25.8) | <0.0001 |
| History of diabetes | 686 (21.8) | 164 (5.2) | 522 (16.6) | <0.0001 |
| History of hypertension | 2,318 (73.6) | 1,023 (32.5) | 1,295 (41.1) | <0.0001 |
| Cognitive performance | ||||
| Median MMSE score (IQR) | 27 (24–29) | 27 (25–29) | 27 (24–29) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic whites | 28 (27–30) | 29 (27–30) | 28 (26.5–29) | 0.0003 |
| Non-Hispanic blacks | 27 (25–29) | 27 (25–29) | 28 (25–29) | 0.1031 |
| Hispanics | 26 (23–28) | 27 (24–28) | 26 (23–28) | 0.0007 |
IQR = Interquartile range.
Values denote numbers with percentages in parentheses, unless otherwise indicated.
a
t test for continuous and χ2 for dichotomous variables.
b
Other race/ethnicity had 72 participants representing 2.3% of the sample.
c
History of hypertension.
d
Systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic ≥85 mm Hg; also includes history of hypertension (HTN).
e
Abdominal obesity defined as waist >89.41 cm (35.2 inches) for women or >103.63 cm (40.8 inches) for men.
f
HDL <50 mg/dl for women or <40 mg/dl for men.