APPENDIX TABLE A4.

Coffee Price Shocks, Maternal Characteristics, and Birth Timing

	1975 Brazilian Frost	1985 Brazilian Drought	1990 ICA Collapse
Mother’s Age	0.020 (0.016)	5.616 (17.600)	−0.004 (0.011)
Maternal Education	−0.009 (0.008)	0.001 (0.009)	0.004 (0.009)
Number of Household Members	−0.005 (0.006)	−0.003 (0.010)	−0.009 (0.009)
Mother’s Preceeding Number of Births	0.003 (0.008)	−0.011* (0.006)	0.001 (0.006)
Mother’s Age at First Birth	0.009 (0.007)	−0.009 (0.010)	−0.013 (0.016)
Mother’s Age at First Marriage	0.007 (0.010)	−0.005 (0.011)	−0.004 (0.034)
Preceding Birth Interval	−0.026 (0.074)	0.097 (0.180)	−0.230 (0.204)

Notes: Individual-level maternal characteristics from the pooled 1986, 1990, 1995, and 2000 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey child sample; coffee cultivation data from the National Federation of Coffee Grower’s early 1980s coffee census; annual internal coffee price data from the National Federation of Coffee Growers. Estimates and standard errors (in parentheses, clustered by county) shown for the interaction between coffee growing intensity and coffee price in the year that a woman gave birth obtained by estimating equation 2 (controlling for county and year fixed effects and county-specific linear trends). Coffee area is in hundreds of hectares and coffee prices are in hundreds of pesos per kilogram.

^*p<0.1,

^**p<0.05,

^***p<0.01.