TABLE 6.
Coffee Price Shocks and Infant Health Investments
| Estimate | Standard Error | Implied Change | N | R2/Pseudo R2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 Brazilian Drought | |||||
| Prenatal Tetanus Toxoid | −1.08*** | (0.37) | −0.135 | 1082 | 0.19 |
| Prenatal Care | −0.36 | (0.31) | --- | 1055 | 0.17 |
| Birth Assistance | −0.17 | (0.32) | --- | 1034 | 0.25 |
| Months Breastfed | −0.53 | (4.93) | --- | 1218 | 0.20 |
| BCG Vaccine | 0.29 | (0.37) | --- | 490 | 0.15 |
| DPT Vaccine | 0.00 | (0.00) | --- | 531 | 0.13 |
| Polio Vaccine | −0.01*** | (0.01) | −0.002 | 540 | 0.12 |
| Measles Vaccine | 0.33 | (0.48) | --- | 574 | 0.12 |
|
| |||||
| 1990 ICA Collapse | |||||
| Prenatal Tetanus Toxoid | 0.25 | (0.51) | --- | 1790 | 0.17 |
| Prenatal Care | −0.67* | (0.42) | −0.084 | 1815 | 0.13 |
| Birth Assistance | 0.87 | (0.42) | --- | 1668 | 0.18 |
| Months Breastfed | 12.60 | (10.00) | --- | 1939 | 0.17 |
| BCG Vaccine | −0.04 | (0.28) | --- | 1397 | 0.15 |
| DPT Vaccine | −0.04 | (0.25) | --- | 1631 | 0.25 |
| Polio Vaccine | 0.02 | (0.16) | --- | 1743 | 0.25 |
| Measles Vaccine | −0.06 | (0.17) | --- | 1096 | 0.25 |
Notes: Individual-level infant health input data from the pooled 1986, 1990, 1995, and 2000 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey sample; coffee cultivation data from the National Federation of Coffee Grower’s early 1980s coffee census; annual internal coffee price data from the National Federation of Coffee Growers. Marginal probabilities (and corresponding standard errors in parentheses, clustered by county) are shown for the interaction between coffee growing intensity and coffee price and were calculated using estimates obtained from equation 4 (controlling for county and year fixed effects and county-specific linear trends as well as mother’s age, education, number of household members, number of preceding births, age at first birth, and age at first marriage) with the exception of “Months Breastfed,” for which an OLS estimate is reported. Breastfeeding results are generally invariant to methods of addressing censoring in the distribution of months breastfed. Coffee area is in thousands of hectares and coffee prices are in thousands of pesos per kilogram. Implied changes are calculated for 250 hectares of coffee and a 500 peso per kilogram price change.
p<0.1,
p<0.05,
p<0.01.