Table 3.

Symptoms of depression and mortality: Complete sample

Model	Covariates	Depression level	Depression-adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
1	Age, sex	Low	1
		High	1.760 (1.254–2.469)	0.001
2	Age, sex + demographic factors*	Low	1
		High	1.680 (1.061–2.370)	0.003
3	Age, sex + demographic factors* + health indicators†	Low	1
		High	1.036 (0.720–1.492)	0.84
4	Age, sex + demographic factors* + health indicators† + health behaviors‡	Low	1
		High	1.004 (0.696–1.448)	0.98

Reference group is low depression symptoms (≤ 2): 141 of 3,196 deaths in low depression group, 46 of 657 in high depression group.

*Demographic factors: wealth, education, marital status, and employment status.

^†Health indicators: self-rated health, cancer, CHD, stroke, diabetes, heart failure, and chronic lung disease.

^‡Health behaviors: smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake.