TABLE 1.

Hazard ratios of urothelial carcinoma in relation to use of vitamin supplements during the 10 years before baseline, western Washington, 2000–2007.

	Number of controls s (N = 76,720)		Number of cases of UC (N = 330)		Multivariate- adjusteda
Ten-year average daily supplement useb	No.	%	No.	%	HR	95% CI
Multivitamins (pill -years)*
None	26,451	34	125	38		Referent
>0–2.5	13,245	17	49	15	0.98	0.70	1.37
>2.5–8	13,584	18	47	14	0.89	0.63	1.25
>8–10	23,430	31	109	33	0.98	0.76	1.28
P trend							0.809
Beta carotene (mcg/day)
None	26,247	35	125	38	1.00	Referent
6.4 to 377.0	16,303	22	61	19	0.93	0.68	1.27
377.1 to 600.0	10,821	14	47	15	0.95	0.71	1.28
600.1 to 13,554.0 c	22,416	29	92	28	0.93	0.69	1.26
P trend							0.632
Retinol (mcg/day)
None	24,873	33	118	37	1.00	Referent
19.3 to 510.0	17,093	22	66	21	1.03	0.76	1.41
510.1 to 1200.0	25,882	34	111	35	0.94	0.72	1.22
1200.1 to 8790.0 c	7,614	10	26	8	0.80	0.52	1.23
P trend							0.343
Folic acid (mcg/day)
None	24,412	32	119	36	1.00	Referent
8.6 to 200.0	21,539	28	82	25	0.95	0.71	1.27
200.1 to 400.0	24,577	32	111	34	0.96	0.74	1.25
400.1 to 1400.0 c	5,634	7	17	5	0.73	0.44	1.22
P trend							0.390
Vitamin B1 (mg/day)
None	25,165	33	118	36	1.00	Referent
0.032 to 0.750	18,081	24	72	22	1.06	0.78	1.42
0.751 to 1.50	19,279	25	87	27	1.02	0.77	1.36
1.51 to 104.65 c	13,598	18	49	15	0.90	0.64	1.26
P trend							0.649
Vitamin B3 (mg/day)
None	24,896	33	116	35	1.00	Referent
0.4 to 10.0	20,554	27	84	26	1.08	0.81	1.44
10.1 to 20.0	23,696	31	99	30	0.94	0.72	1.24
20.1 to 1024.0 c	6,963	9	28	9	0.94	0.62	1.42
P trend							0.612
Vitamin B6 (mg/day)
None	24,400	32	115	35	1.00	Referent
0.04 to 1.40	17,301	23	64	20	0.97	0.71	1.33
1.41 to 3.00	19,956	26	99	31	1.07	0.81	1.40
3.01 to 270.00 c	14,501	19	49	15	0.88	0.62	1.24
P trend							0.761
Vitamin B12 (mcg/day)
None	24,387	32	115	35	1.00	Referent
0.1 to 5.0	18,035	24	67	21	0.98	0.72	1.33
5.1 to 25.0	25,447	33	109	33	0.95	0.73	1.24
25.1 to 300.0 c	8,173	11	36	11	1.12	0.77	1.64
P trend							0.875
Vitamin C (mg/day)
None	20,437	27	99	30	1.00	Referent
0–60.05	19,110	25	76	23	0.94	0.69	1.27
60.06–322.05	18,048	24	75	23	0.97	0.72	1.33
322.06–1600	18,499	24	76	23	0.90	0.67	1.23
P trend							0.584
Vitamin D (mcg/day cholecalciferol)
None	24,316	32	114	35	1.00	Referent
0.2 to 5.0	21,741	29	87	27	1.07	0.80	1.42
5.1 to 10.0	24,742	33	107	33	0.98	0.75	1.28
10.1 to 30.0c	5,071	7	19	6	1.02	0.63	1.67
P trend							0.914
Vitamin E (mg/day dl alpha-tocopherol)
None	19,985	26	96	30	1.00	Referent
1.3–42.0	18,928	25	72	22	0.92	0.67	1.25
42.1–215.0	18,721	25	74	23	0.94	0.69	1.28
215.1–1000.0	18,496	24	83	26	0.95	0.70	1.29
P trend							0.784

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; UC urothelial carcinoma

^aAdjusted for the following variables: sex; age; race/ethnicity; education; family history of bladder cancer; smoking status/recency of smoking, pack-years of smoking; servings per day of fruits; and servings per day of vegetables (excluding potatoes).

^bFrom single supplements (and mixtures other than multivitamins) plus multivitamins.

^cGreater than amount of that nutrient that could be obtained from 10-year daily use of the multivitamin Centrum Silver (Wyeth; Madison NJ, USA).

^*Pill-years = days per week/7 × years of use in 10 years before baseline.