Table 2.

Comparison of Three Approaches Using Mobile Devices for Severe Mental Illness

Study	Personalized Real-Time Intervention for Stabilizing Mood (PRISM)	Mobile Assessment and Therapy for Schizophrenia (MATS)	Skills Training and Empowerment Program (STEP)
Target Population	Outpatients with bipolar disorder	Outpatients with schizophrenia who have case managers	Outpatients with schizophrenia who reside in board and care homes
Evidence-Based Treatment as Basis	Life Goals Psychoeducation (Bauer et al, 2003)	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)	Functional Adaptation Skills Training (Patterson et al, 2006)
Purpose of Mobile Device	To prompt consumers to engage in health protective behaviors in real time	To promote illness self-management and increase ACT staff efficiency in allocating services	To improve home practice on skills training
Primary Outcome	Mood symptoms	Community Functioning	Performance-based functioning
Mobile Interaction Type	Automated momentary assessment	Computer initiated text messaging	Live telephone interaction
Mobile Device Tested	HP IPAQ	Motorola V195s	Motorola C139
Number and Duration of Mobile Interactions	4/day; 2-3 minutes	3/day; 2-3 minutes; for 12 weeks	2/week
Content of Mobile Interactions	Ratings of mood, activity, sleep, social context, and symptoms; self-management prompts	Self-ratings and interventions for social interactions, psychosis, and medication adherence	Therapist assessment of home practice utilization, barriers, and mood state
Tailoring and Personalization	Timing Selection of self-management	Feedback reports Personalized evidence against maladaptive beliefs	Timing of call
Data Storage Method	Storage card on device	Web-based server	N/A