Table 5. Logistic regression analysis for functional decline one year after admission in acutely hospitalized older patients.
| Functional decline | ||||
| Variables | UnivariableOR (95% CI) | p-value | MultivariableOR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Male sex | 0.69 (0.44 to 1.08) | 0.10 | - | - |
| Age (per year) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.11) | <0.001 | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) | 0.01 |
| Charlson comorbidity score (per point) | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) | 0.52 | ||
| Geriatric conditions | ||||
| Somatic domain | ||||
| Polypharmacy | 1.43 (0.92 to 2.24) | 0.12 | - | - |
| Malnutrition | 0.84 (0.54 to 1.31) | 0.45 | ||
| Obesity | 1.55 (0.85 to 2.81) | 0.16 | - | - |
| Fall risk | 1.68 (0.94 to 2.98) | 0.08 | - | - |
| Presence of a pressure ulcer | 1.80 (0.14 to 24.13) | 0.65 | ||
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 2.97 (1.74 to 4.92) | <0.001 | 2.15 (1.24 to 3.72) | 0.01 |
| Incontinence | 1.15 (0.66 to 2.00) | 0.62 | ||
| Constipation | 0.92 (0.52 to 1.65) | 0.79 | ||
| Psychological domain | ||||
| Cognitive impairment (per MMSE point) | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.97) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Prevalent delirium | 2.47 (1.34 to 4.54) | 0.01 | - | - |
| Functional domain | ||||
| ADL impairment (per point) | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) | 0.66 | ||
| IADL impairment (per point) | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.30) | 0.01 |
| Vision impairment | 1.46 (0.87 to 2.45) | 0.16 | - | - |
| Hearing impairment | 1.48 (0.83 to 2.64) | 0.19 | - | - |
| Mobility difficulty | 2.67 (1.69 to 4.23) | <0.001 | - | - |
Field marked with a – indicates that the variable had a p<0.20 in the univariable logistic regression analysis and was entered into the multivariable logistic regression model.
OR = Odds Ratio, CI = confidence interval.
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, range of scores between 0–30, a higher score indicates better global cognitive functioning.
ADL = activities of daily living, range of scores between 0–6, a higher score indicates more dependence in ADL, IADL = instrumental activities of daily living, range of scores between 0–8, a higher score indicates more dependence in IADL.
Functional decline was defined as a loss at least of 1 point on the Katz ADL index score one year after admission compared to premorbid functioning two weeks prior to hospital admission.
Patients who died or had a maximum score on the Katz ADL index at admission were excluded from the analysis.