Table 1.
Black | White | |
---|---|---|
n = 4,528 (9.23%) | n = 44,520 (90.77%) | |
Dependent variables | Mean (SD)/% | Mean (SD)/% |
In-hospital death | 40.33 | 24.07 |
Hospice use | 11.55 | 17.39 |
Independent variables | ||
Percentage of Black residents in facility | 33.60% (0.22) | 7.24% (0.11) |
Year of death | ||
2005 | 34.03 | 35.78 |
2006 | 32.69 | 33.07 |
2007 | 33.28 | 31.15 |
Age | 83.96 (8.92) | 87.41 (7.65) |
younger than 80 | 33.22 | 16.63 |
80–90 | 40.68 | 43.43 |
older than 90 | 26.10 | 39.94 |
Female | 63.54 | 71.38 |
Activities of daily living (range 0–28) | 22.54 (6.97) | 21.02 (6.78) |
Cognitive performance score (range 1–7) | 4.81 (1.92) | 4.44 (1.84) |
Diabetes | 44.61 | 26.14 |
Number of heart/circulation diseases | 1.46 (1.02) | 1.49 (1.13) |
Number of neurological diseases | 0.46 (0.63) | 0.29 (0.53) |
Asthma and/or COPD | 18.18 | 22.86 |
Cancer | 14.18 | 11.82 |
Renal failure | 11.68 | 7.32 |
Arthritis | 19.21 | 28.95 |
Depression | 26.10 | 46.86 |
Tuberculosis | 0.19 | 0.03 |
Pneumonia | 6.39 | 6.54 |
Cataracts | 21.42 | 16.93 |
Septicemia | 2.80 | 1.31 |
HIV infection | 1.32 | 0.05 |
Syncope | 0.54 | 0.35 |
Ulcers | 36.35 | 23.93 |
Fracture in the last 180 days | 1.63 | 4.59 |
Severe pain | 10.84 | 9.26 |
Dyspnea | 11.40 | 16.00 |
Surgical wounds | 4.84 | 2.91 |
Infection of the foot | 1.30 | 1.28 |
Endstage diagnosis | 5.50 | 8.10 |
Feeding tube | 31.12 | 10.08 |
Do-Not-Resuscitate | 41.21 | 75.45 |
Do-Not-Hospitalize | 2.61 | 7.82 |
Time difference between last MDS assessment and death | 52.08 (39.81) | 47.67 (34.54) |