Table 1.

Descriptive statistics by race

	Black	White
	n = 4,528 (9.23%)	n = 44,520 (90.77%)
Dependent variables	Mean (SD)/%	Mean (SD)/%
In-hospital death	40.33	24.07
Hospice use	11.55	17.39
Independent variables
Percentage of Black residents in facility	33.60% (0.22)	7.24% (0.11)
Year of death
2005	34.03	35.78
2006	32.69	33.07
2007	33.28	31.15
Age	83.96 (8.92)	87.41 (7.65)
younger than 80	33.22	16.63
80–90	40.68	43.43
older than 90	26.10	39.94
Female	63.54	71.38
Activities of daily living (range 0–28)	22.54 (6.97)	21.02 (6.78)
Cognitive performance score (range 1–7)	4.81 (1.92)	4.44 (1.84)
Diabetes	44.61	26.14
Number of heart/circulation diseases	1.46 (1.02)	1.49 (1.13)
Number of neurological diseases	0.46 (0.63)	0.29 (0.53)
Asthma and/or COPD	18.18	22.86
Cancer	14.18	11.82
Renal failure	11.68	7.32
Arthritis	19.21	28.95
Depression	26.10	46.86
Tuberculosis	0.19	0.03
Pneumonia	6.39	6.54
Cataracts	21.42	16.93
Septicemia	2.80	1.31
HIV infection	1.32	0.05
Syncope	0.54	0.35
Ulcers	36.35	23.93
Fracture in the last 180 days	1.63	4.59
Severe pain	10.84	9.26
Dyspnea	11.40	16.00
Surgical wounds	4.84	2.91
Infection of the foot	1.30	1.28
Endstage diagnosis	5.50	8.10
Feeding tube	31.12	10.08
Do-Not-Resuscitate	41.21	75.45
Do-Not-Hospitalize	2.61	7.82
Time difference between last MDS assessment and death	52.08 (39.81)	47.67 (34.54)