Table 2.

Odds ratios of individual-level race (ref = White) on in-hospital death and hospice use: results of the sequential models

Outcome	In-hospital death					Hospice use
Independent variables	N^a	Pseduo-R2	Odds ratio^b	95% CI		N^a	Pseduo-R2	Odds ratio^b	95% CI
Model 1: race and year of death	49048	0.01	2.13^*	2.00	2.27	49048	<.01	0.62^*	0.56	0.68
Model 2: Model 1 + demographics and health characteristics	48942	0.04	2.05^*	1.92	2.19	48942	0.08	0.65^*	0.58	0.71
Model 3: Model 2 + feeding tube status	48942	0.05	1.85^*	1.73	1.98	48942	0.09	0.71^*	0.64	0.79
Model 4: Model 3 + hospice use	48942	0.09	1.79^*	1.67	1.92	NA
Model 5: Model 4 + DNR and DNH orders	48942	0.12	1.41^*	1.31	1.51	48942	0.09	0.79^*	0.72	0.88
Model 6: Model 5 + facility fixed effects	48860	0.11	0.95	0.87	1.04	43119	0.08	0.90	0.79	1.02
Goodness of fit^c	C-statistics = 0.720					C-statistics = 0.692

N differs in different models due to missing data. In model 6, facilities with 0% or 100% prevalence of each outcome were automatically dropped when estimating fixed-effects models. Sensitivity analysis has been done by repeating Models 1 to 5 on the samples used for Model 6. Estimation results are similar. Sensitivity analysis results are available upon request.

Odds ratios for individual-level race= Non-Hispanic Black(reference = Non-Hispanic White)

Goodness of fit is evaluated based on the fixed-effects models (Model 6).

p < 0.05