Table 1.
Summary of measures
| Measure | Description | Response options | Scoring |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cultural factors | Birthplace in USA | Yes, no | N/A |
| 8-Item scale of language preference from the Year 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). (Berrigan et al. 2006; Vadaparampil et al. 2006) | 5-Point scale with categories: “Only Spanish,” “More Spanish than English,” “Spanish and English about the same,” “More English than Spanish,” and “Only English” | Summed scores; 8–13 = low English language preference, 14–27 = medium English language preference, and 28–40 = high English language preference (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) | |
| Fatalism—the belief that death is inevitable when cancer is present | 15-Item Powe Fatalism Inventory (PFI). Based on the philosophic origins and attributes of cancer fatalism: fear, predetermination, pessimism, and inevitable death. (Powe 1996) | Yes, no | One point is added to the final score for each yes response given by the participant, and higher scores indicate higher levels of fatalism (Powe and Weinrich 1999) (Cronbach's alpha = 0.62) |
| Familism—the cultural value that reflects an individual's strong identification and attachment with his or her nuclear and extended families | 18-Item Familism Scale. Addresses four dimensions of familism, including familial support, familial interconnectedness, familial honor, and subjugation of self for family (Steidel and Contreras 2003) | 10-Point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree) | A score for each subscale, as well as an overall AFS score, can be calculated by the mean for each subscale or the whole scale (for overall score) (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90) |
| Knowledge | 11-Item Knowledge Scale. Measures four aspects of HBOC genetics knowledge: (1) prevalence of BRCA gene mutations, (2) patterns of inheritance, (3) cancer risks associated with BRCA mutations, and (4) risk management options for women with a BRCA mutation. (Hopwood et al. 2001; Lerman et al. 1997a; Lerman et al. 1996; Lerman et al. 1997b) | Yes, no, don't know | All items were scored as a 1 if the respondent provided the correct answer and a 0 if they gave an incorrect or “don't know” response. This allowed for the calculation of an overall knowledge score that could range from 0 to 11 |
| Attitude towards GT | 8-Items measuring GT barriers and facilitators. (Peters et al. 2006; Vadaparampil et al. 2007) | 5-Point scale ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) | Each item considered individually |