Table 2.
Pooled estimate effect of dietary intervention during pregnancy on different outcomes
| Outcomes | Studies | Comparison groups |
Participants | Statistical method | Effect size (95% CI) | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total GWG | ||||||
| all data | 10 | 11 | 1434 | WMD (Random) | -1.92 kg (-3.65/- 0.19) | 89% |
| excluding Thornton and Wolff | 8 | 9 | 1152 | WMD (Fixed) | -1.01 kg (-1.58/-0.45) | 43% |
| Weekly GWG | 2 | 2 | 253 | WMD (Random) | -0.26 kg/wk (-0.42/-0.09) | 82% |
| GW above IOM guidelines | 4 | 4 | 629 | RR (Fixed) | 0.90 (0.77/1.05) | 0% |
| Weight retention | ||||||
| 6 wks postpartum | 2 | 2 | 306 | WMD (Fixed) | 0.58 (0.13/1.03) | 12% |
| 6 mths postpatum | 3 | 3 | 443 | WMD (Random) | -1.90 (-2.69/-1.12) | 63% |
| Preeclampsia | 6 | 6 | 1025 | WMD (Fixed) | 0.78 (0.58/1.06) | 0% |
| Gestational diabetes | 6 | 6 | 886 | WMD (Fixed) | 0.74 (0.52/1.06) | 31% |
| Cesarean section | ||||||
| all data | 6 | 6 | 841 | RR (Random) | 0.82 (0.60/1.09) | 61% |
| excluding Thornton | 5 | 5 | 609 | RR (Fixed) | 0.75 (0.60/0.94) | 0% |
| Mean birth weight | ||||||
| all data | 7 | 8 | 1048 | WMD (Random) | -34.8 g (-162.6/93.0) | 77% |
| excluding Badrawi | 6 | 7 | 949 | WMD (Fixed) | 34.5 g (-27.4/93.5) | 0% |
| Low birth weight | 2 | 2 | 531 | RR (Fixed) | 1.30 (0.8/2.10) | 0% |
| Macrosomia | 6 | 6 | 1023 | RR (Fixed) | 0.94 (0.62/1.35) | 33% |
| Mean gestational age | 7 | 8 | 1167 | WMD (Fixed) | 0.22 (0.01/0.42) | 0% |
| Preterm birth | 4 | 4 | 873 | RR (Fixed) | 0.83 (0.51/1.34) | 0% |
CI - confidence interval, GWG - gestational weight gain, IOM - Institute of Preventive Medicine, wks - weeks, mths - months WMD - weighted mean difference, RR - relative risk