Table 3.

The Normalization Process Model

Main construct	Sub construct	Content
Interactional workability: how does the programme affect interactions between people and practices?	Congruence	What is dealt with within the interaction; what the work is; roles of each actor and the formal and informal rules governing the interaction
	Disposal of work	The effects and goals of the interactions; how disagreements are minimised; when and where goals and outcomes should occur; and shared beliefs about the meaning and consequences of the work
Relational integration: how does the programme relate to existing concepts and relationships?	Accountability	Knowledge and practices of the implementers; who has the knowledge, what contributions are required by participants and the formal and informal rules governing the distribution of knowledge
	Confidence	Beliefs about the knowledge and practice required by the programme, including agreement about the sources of authoritative knowledge and practice, beliefs about the practical utility of the knowledge and practice
Skill-set workability: how is the current division of work affected by the programme?	Allocation	Which tasks are performed by whom; including how these decisions are made, the distribution of resources, rewards linked to status and authority, formal and informal agreements about identification and appraisal of necessarily skills, and the definition and ownership of these skill-sets
	Performance	The ability of the organisation and the people within it to organise and deploy the intervention, including staff training needs; formal and informal boundaries of competence of workers; the degree of autonomy assigned to them; and how they deliver services
Contextual integration: how does the programme relate to the organisation in which it is set?	Execution	Practicalities of implementation; including funding, decisions on distribution of resources, costs and risks within the organisation; managerial decision-making on the taking up the intervention; and formal and informal mechanisms for its evaluation
	Realisation	Allocation and ownership of responsibility for implementing the intervention, including the negotiations necessary to change existing systems and practices to make new ones possible; minimising disruption and risk; and how new resources are obtained and used in practice