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. 2010 Nov 26;81(6):756–764. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2010.537806

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Copyright: © Nordic Orthopaedic Federation

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.

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Figure 1. — Cobalt ions (10ppm) induce enhanced secretion of IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokines in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) at 12, 24 and 48 h. Renal tubule epithelial cells were treated with 10 ppm cobalt ions for 4, 12, 24 and 48h along with a negative control. A: There is a significant increase in the secretion of IL-8 protein post exposure at 12, 24 and 48 h relative to the control sample (a = p < 0.001). B: There is also a significant increase in the secretion of MCP-1 protein at 12, 24, and 48h compared to negative control (a = p < 0.001).