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. 2011 Jun 27;193(7):1181–1196. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201006114

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© 2011 Qian et al.

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Figure 4. — Compound haploinsufficiency of mouse Cdc42 (MmCdc42) and Nkx2-5 resulted in defective cardiac contraction and electrophysiological function. (A–D) Histograms showing echocardiographic parameters of MmCdc42^+/+;Nkx2-5^+/+, MmCdc42^+/+;Nkx2-5^del/+, MmCdc42^del/+;Nkx2-5^+/+, and MmCdc42^del/+;Nkx2-5^del/+ adult mice at 4, 8, and 12 wk. Combined reduction of MmCdc42 and Nkx2-5 worsened heart function shown as (A) lower fraction shortening (FS), (B) ejection fraction (EF), (C) stroke volume (SV), and (D) cardiac output (CO) at all time points. Unpaired Student’s t test (relative to wild type): *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (E) Representative M-mode echocardiograms illustrate decrease in contractility of MmCdc42^del/+;Nkx2-5^del/+ hearts (right panel, larger systole) compared with controls. (F) Table with electrocardiographic parameters of MmCdc42 and Nkx2-5 combinations in adult mice (± SEM). One-way ANOVA: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.