Table 3.

Odds Ratios Indicating the Unadjusted and Adjusted Effects of Nurse Staffing, the Nurse Work Environment, and Nurse Education on Patient Mortality and Failure-to-Rescue

Model	Odds Ratios from Models for Patient Mortality
	Nurse Staffing		Nurse Work Environment		Nurse Education		Staffing × Work Environment
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Unadjusted	1.033 (1.011–1.056)	.0030	0.913 (.884–.942)	<.0001	0.960 (.936–.984)	.0005
Fully Adjusted	1.033 (1.009–1.057)	.0052	0.926 (.897–.956)	<.0001	0.957 (.936–.978)	<.0001
Fully Adjusted with Interactions	1.039 (1.016–1.063)	.001	0.926 (.898–.955)	<.0001	0.958 (.937–.980)	.003	1.029 (1.010–1.048)	<.0001

Model	Odds Ratios from Models for Failure-to-Rescue
	Nurse Staffing		Nurse Work Environment		Nurse Education		Staffing × Work Environment
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Unadjusted	1.027 (1.005–1.051)	.0175	0.918 (.888–.949)	<.0001	0.957 (.934–.982)	.0007
Fully Adjusted	1.031 (1.007–1.056)	.0111	0.925 (.896–.954)	<.0001	0.955 (.934–.976)	<.0001
Fully Adjusted with Interactions	1.039 (1.016–1.063)	.001	0.925 (.897–.954)	<.0001	0.956 (.935–.978)	<.0001	1.036 (1.016–1.055)	<.001

Note: Unadjusted models are bivariate models which estimate the effect of each nursing characteristic separately, without any controls. Full adjusted models estimate all three nursing characteristics simultaneously, while controlling for the full set of patient characteristics used in risk adjustment, as well as hospital characteristics.