Table 2.
Association of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms with Erectile Dysfunction Health Professionals Follow-up Study
|
AUA Symptom Index Score§ |
Surgery for BPH | Medications for BPH | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No to Low LUTS 0 – 7 | Low-Moderate LUTS 8 – 14 | High-Moderate LUTS 15 – 19 | Severe LUTS 20 – 35 | |||
| Incident ED in 1995 or later† | ||||||
| #cases | 2,739 | 760 | 171 | 94 | 189 | - |
| RR (95%CI)* | 1.0 (ref) | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 1.37 (1.22–1.54) | 1.50 (1.28–1.75) | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | - |
| RR (95%CI)** | 1.0 (ref) | 1.20 (1.12–1.27) | 1.37 (1.22–1.54) | 1.40 (1.20–1.64) | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | - |
| p trend <0.0001 | ||||||
| Incident ED in the last three months‡ | ||||||
| # cases | 573 | 182 | 43 | 23 | 73 | 59 |
| RR (95%CI)* | 1.0 (ref) | 1.26 (1.08–1.47) | 1.52 (1.14–2.03) | 1.72 (1.17–2.54) | 1.44 (1.14–1.81) | 1.34 (1.05–1.72) |
| RR (95%CI)** | 1.0 (ref) | 1.23 (1.06–1.44) | 1.52 (1.14–2.03) | 1.59 (1.10–2.32) | 1.39 (1.11–1.75) | 1.25 (0.97–1.60) |
| p trend = 0.0002 | ||||||
Adjusting for age in years (continuous)
Adjusting for age in years (continuous), body mass index (BMI kg/m2, continuous), lifetime cumulative cigarette smoking (never, current <15 pack-years, current ≥ 15 pack-years, current unknown pack-years, former <5 pack-years, former 5–9 pack-years, former ≥ 10 pack-years, former unknown pack-years, missing smoking status), physical activity (none/missing, quartiles of MET-hrs/week), race (African-American, Asian, Southern European, Scandinavian, other Caucasian, other), fruit and vegetable intake (quintiles), alcohol intake (none, <5g/day, 5-<15 g/day, 15-<30 g/day, 30-<50 g/day, ≥ 50 g/day), diabetes (ever/never), hypertension (ever/never), and cardiovascular disease (ever/never)
LUTS or surgery for BPH reported in 1994 or earlier, and incident ED in 1995 or later (cohort 1)
LUTS or surgery for BPH, or medications for BPH reported in 1998 or earlier, and incident ED reported in the three months prior to the return of the 2000 questionnaire (cohort 2)
For the analysis of incident ED in 1995 or later, men categorized according to their maximum reported AUA Symptom Index score on 1992 or 1994 questionnaire. For the analysis of incident ED in the last three months, men categorized according to their maximum reported AUA Symptom Index score on 1992, 1994, or 1998 questionnaire.