Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Depression Statusa
| Not Depressed (n = 211) | Depressed (n = 56)b | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.4 (11.8) | 60.6 (11.9) | .007 | |
|
| ||||
| No. (%) | ||||
| Female sex | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.8) | .38 | |
|
| ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 121 (57.4) | 30 (53.6) |
|
.86 |
|
| ||||
| Black | 77 (36.5) | 22 (39.3) | ||
|
| ||||
| Otherc | 13 (6.2) | 4 (7.1) | ||
|
| ||||
| Education >high school | 125 (60.1) | 30 (56.6) | .64 | |
|
| ||||
| Married | 141 (67.1) | 38 (67.9) | .92 | |
|
| ||||
| Employed | 47 (22.5) | 4 (7.1) | .008 | |
|
| ||||
| Clinical variables | ||||
| Chronic kidney disease by stage | ||||
| 2 | 13 (6.2) | 4 (7.1) |
|
.980 |
|
| ||||
| 3 | 82 (38.9) | 19 (33.9) | ||
|
| ||||
| 4 | 86 (40.8) | 24 (42.9) | ||
|
| ||||
| 5 | 30 (14.2) | 9 (16.1) | ||
|
| ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 109 (51.9) | 39 (69.6) | .02 | |
|
| ||||
| Hypertension | 204 (96.7) | 55 (98.2) | >.99 | |
|
| ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 79 (37.8) | 25 (44.6) | .35 | |
|
| ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 61 (29.9) | 16 (29.1) | .90 | |
|
| ||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 48 (23.7) | 15 (27.3) | .58 | |
|
| ||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 46 (22.2) | 7 (12.5) | .12 | |
|
| ||||
| History of nonskin cancer | 34 (16.4) | 7 (12.5) | .47 | |
|
| ||||
| Comorbid medical illnessd | 82 (38.9) | 29 (51.8) | .08 | |
|
| ||||
| History of drug or alcohol abuse | 55 (26.3) | 24 (42.9) | .02 | |
|
| ||||
| Comorbid psychiatric illnesse | 12 (5.7) | 25 (44.6) | <.001 | |
|
| ||||
| History of depressionf | 28 (13.6) | 37 (66.1) | <.001 | |
|
| ||||
| Antidepressant medication use | 25 (11.9) | 28 (50.0) | <.001 | |
|
| ||||
| No. of comorbidities | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.5) | .12 | |
|
| ||||
| Median (range) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | .09 | |
|
| ||||
| Mean (SD) | ||||
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (1.9) | 12.4 (2.2) | .89 | |
|
| ||||
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.6 (0.7) | 4.6 (0.7) | .97 | |
|
| ||||
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 3.9 (1.0) | 4.2 (1.1) | .04 | |
|
| ||||
| Calcium, mg/dL | 9.3 (0.6) | 9.3 (0.8) | .83 | |
|
| ||||
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.0 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.6) | .69 | |
|
| ||||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 3.2 (2.4) | 3.3 (2.4) | .75 | |
|
| ||||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 42.2 (20.0) | 42.1 (22.9) | .97 | |
|
| ||||
| Estimated GFR, mL/min | 31.6 (16.2) | 31.3 (18.6) | .91 | |
Abbreviation: GFR, glomerular filtration rate.
SI conversion factors: To convert albumin to g/L, multiply by 10; blood urea nitrogen to mmol/L, multiply by 0.357; calcium to mmol/L, multiply by 0.25; creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4; GFR to mL/s, multiply by 0.017; hemoglobin to g/L, multiply by 10; potassium to mmol/L, multiply by 1.0; phosphorus to mmol/L, multiply by 0.323.
Some of the percentages do not sum to 100 because the denominator did not include the number missing for those variables.
Patients were given the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and received a diagnosis of current major depressive episode.
Other indicates Hispanic, Asian, American Indian/Alaska native, and Pacific Islander.
Indicates presence of 4 or more medical comorbidities in addition to chronic kidney disease.
Indicates at least 1 psychiatric illness other than depression or drug or alcohol abuse.
As documented in the medical records.