Table 1.
Impact conditions, measured parameters and observed injuries
| Impact location | Test Number | Subject Number/Age (Years) | Head Weight (g) | Impact Energy (E(J)) | Max. Impact Force (N) | Peak linear acceleration of the center of gravity of the head (m/s2) | HIC | AIS | Injuries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maxilla |
Low level (E = 140 J) |
||||||||
| FCA 54 | #1/71 | 3820 | L : 152 | 2085 | 989 | 176 | 3 | Caving in of the maxilla body | |
| FCA 55 | #2/70 | 3750 | R : 106 | 1572 | 651 | 67 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| FCA 57 | #2/70 | 3750 | L : 189 | 1462 | 616 | 62 | 3 | Caving in of the maxilla body | |
| Rupture of the suture between malar and frontal bones | |||||||||
| FCA 58 | #3/77 | 4200 | R : 130 | 1394 | 809 | 64 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| Mean (SD) | 1628 (313) | 766 (170) | 92 (56) | ||||||
|
High level (E = 280 J) |
|||||||||
| FCA 59 | #3/77 | 4200 | L : 287 | 1802 | 561 | 87 | 4 | System of fractures of the zygomatic process of the maxilla running to the lower orbital cavity | |
| Fracture and displacement on the right of nasal bones | |||||||||
| Transversal fracture of the palatine bone | |||||||||
| FCA 61 | #4/unknown | 4280 | R : 286 | 1972 | 1081 | 161 | 4 | Caving in of the maxilla body | |
| Transversal fracture of the palatine bone | |||||||||
| FCA 63 | #5/76 | 3620 | R : 248 | 1842 | 1355 | 275 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| FCA 64 | #6/66 | 3410 | R : 282 | 2615 | 1300 | 265 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| FCA 66 | #7/72 | 3380 | R : 289 | 3116 | 1810 | 479 | 3 | Caving in of the maxilla body | |
| FCA 68 | #8/58 | 3880 | R : 298 | 2187 | 1283 | 294 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| FCA 70 | #9/70 | 3500 | R : 291 | 3331 | 1644 | 455 | 1 | Localized wound and dental wrench | |
| Mean (SD) | 2409 (622) | 1291 (403) | 288 (142) | ||||||
| Frontal bone | FCA 52 | #1/71 | 3820 | R : 157 | 6387 | 2577 | 1257 | 1 | Localized wound |
| FCA 53 | #1/71 | 3820 | L : 270 | 6932 | 3542 | 2716 | 3 | Y-shaped fracture of the frontal bone running to the orbital surface of the frontal bone | |
| FCA 56 | #2/70 | 3750 | R : 270 | 7849 | 3282 | 1559 | 1 | Localized wound | |
| FCA 60 | #3/77 | 4200 | L : 289 | 7988 | 3260 | 1819 | 3 | 3cm-long fracture of the frontal bone running to the orbital surface of the frontal bone | |
| Mean (SD) | 7289 (762) | 3165 (413) | 1838 (629) | ||||||