Table 1.
Characteristics of adolescents for whom follow-up data were obtained at age 16 according to ventricular septal status and treatment group
| Variable | IVS | VSD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DHCA (n=53) | LFBP (n=54) | DHCA (n=16) | LFBP (n=16) | |
| Mean ± SD or % | ||||
| Pre-operative characteristics | ||||
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.4 |
| Gestational age (wk) | 39.8 ± 1.4 | 39.7 ± 1.1 | 39.8 ±1.5 | 39.5 ± 1.1 |
| Apgar score 1 min | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.0 |
| Age at surgery >30 d (%) | 2 | 0 | 31 | 19 |
| Male (%) | 75 | 76 | 88 | 69 |
| Race/ethnicity (% Caucasian) | 92 | 94 | 94 | 88 |
| Lowest pO2 (mm Hg) | 24 ± 7 | 24 ± 5 | 33 ± 19 | 30 ± 10 |
| Surgical status | ||||
| Cooling duration (min) | 19 ± 10 | 15 ± 3 | 19 ± 11 | 17 ± 7 |
| Duration of DHCA (min) | 53 ± 12 | 15 ± 12 | 54 ± 9 | 32 ± 15 |
| Total bypass time (min) | 83 ± 29 | 126 ± 26 | 115 ± 30 | 123 ± 15 |
| Post-operative status | ||||
| Any seizures (%)* | 17 | 7 | 56 | 6 |
| Hospital stay ≥ 11 d (%) | 30 | 35 | 44 | 31 |
| Interim medical history after ASO | ||||
| Operations (% any) | 11 | 9 | 6 | 19 |
| High catheterization exposure (%) | 9 | 4 | 19 | 0 |
| Family demographic characteristics | ||||
| Social class at age 16 y† | 45 ± 12 | 48 ± 13 | 44 ± 13 | 43 ± 13 |
| Parental IQ | 95 ± 14 | 98 ±12 | 97 ± 7 | 98 ± 15 |
| Age at developmental testing (y) | 16.0 ± 0.6 | 16.1 ± 0.5 | 16.2 ± 0.5 | 16.0 ± 0.5 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation (SD) or percentages. IVS= intact ventricular septum; VSD=ventricular septal defect; DHCA=deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest; LFBP=low-flow bypass; ASO = arterial switch operation.
*
Clinical seizures within 7 d or rhythmic epileptiform activity longer than 5 seconds on 48 hr continuous video electroencephalographic monitoring.
†
Score on Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status, with higher scores indicating higher social status.