Table 3.

Electrical Stimulation

Author/Year/Country PEDro/D&B Score	Eligibility Criteria	Study Design and Methods	Outcome Measures	Results
Bogie & Triolo, 200330USA D&B=13	Inclusion: Low cervical or thoracic level SCI (C6-T12); more than 6 months post-injury; skeletal and cognitive maturity; upper motor neuron injury; ASIA impairment scale score: for low cervical/high thoracic injuries (C6-T4): A, B, or C to mid to low thoracic injuries (T4- T12): A or B. Exclusion: Cardiac arrhythmia or pacemaker-fitted; acute orthopedic problems; acute medical complications; frequent urinary tract infections; current open pressure sores; immunodeficiency; acute chronic psychological problems or chemical dependency; seizure disorder; pregnancy.	Pre-Post: Recruited 7 males and 1 female who ranged in age from 27 to 47 and had ASIA scores ranging from 56 to 113.4. All 8 SCI patients participated in an exercise regimen which included 3 different stimulation patterns. The duration of exercise was varied over the 8-wk training period as the muscles became conditioned.	Interface pressure	Overall, with chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), mean interface pressure showed no significant differences between baseline and post exercise levels. Mean ischial region interface pressure had a uniform tendency to decrease post exercise assessment, p<.01.

D&B = Downs and Black quality assessment scale score²⁵