Table 4.
Additional Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Examining the Associations between Individual dairy foods and soy milk intake and osteoporosis (T-score < −1.8)1 adjusted for Selected Characteristics among 337 Postmenopausal Caucasian Women
| Demographic Model2 | Candidate Variable Model3 | Final Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |||
| Age (Continuous) | 1.08* | (1.05–1.11) | 1.08* | (1.05–1.11) | ||
| BMI (Continuous) | 0.93* | (0.88–0.98) | 0.91* | (0.86–0.97) | ||
| Education Level: | ||||||
| No Bachelor’s degree | 1.0 | Referent | ||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 1.02 | (0.53–1.99) | ||||
| Graduate degree | 0.78 | (0.38–1.63) | ||||
| Soy milk Intake: | ||||||
| Never (0/month) | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Once a month or more (1–29 per month) | 1.29 | (0.69–2.42) | 0.96 | (0.46–2.03) | ||
| Once a day or more (30+ per month) | 0.64 | (0.34–1.22) | 0.44* | (0.2–0.98) | ||
| Trend | p= 0.04 | |||||
| Cheese Consumption: | ||||||
| Less than once a week (1–3/month) | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Once a week (4/month) | 0.78 | (0.38–1.59) | 0.75 | (0.34–1.66) | ||
| More than one times per week | 0.30* | (0.1–0.65) | 0.28* | (0.12–0.66) | ||
| Trend | p= 0.004 | |||||
| Milk Consumption: | ||||||
| Less than once a week (1–3/month) | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Less than one times per day (4–29/month) | 1.06 | (0.56–2.0) | 1.01 | (0.44–2.31) | ||
| Once a day or more (30+/month) | 0.63 | (0.29–1.39) | 0.53 | (0.20–1.44) | ||
| Yogurt/Ice Cream Consumption: | ||||||
| None (0/month) | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Once a week or less (1–4/month) | 1.01 | (0.58–1.75) | 1.30 | (0.69–2.44) | ||
| More than once a week (5+/month) | 0.83 | (0.33–2.0) | 0.88 | (0.32–2.44) | ||
| Vegetarian Status: | ||||||
| Meat Consumers | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Vegetarians (meat intake < 1x/month) | 0.79 | (0.45–1.39) | 0.64 | (0.33–1.26) | ||
| Estrogen Usage: | ||||||
| Past/never Users | 1.0 | Referent | 1.0 | Referent | ||
| Current Users | 0.25* | (0.12–0.52) | 1.09 | (0.54–2.19) | ||
1
T-score ≥−1.8 (value=0, n=237); T-score < −1.8 (value=1, n=100)
2
Demographic Model: Osteoporotic T-score = age + BMI + education
3
Candidate Variable Model: Osteoporotic T-score = age + BMI + education + one exposure variable
4
Final Model (substituted dairy intake with cheese, milk, yogurt/ice cream):
Osteoporotic T-score = age + BMI + education + estrogen use + cheese consumption + milk consumption + yogurt/ice cream consumption + vegetarian status + soy milk intake
*
P < 0.05