Table 7.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients in the 38 case report papers involving 46 subjects with a benign cystic duodenal wall (a paper may report more than one patient), the three cases reported in the present paper are also shown (continues from Table 6)

Author^[Ref.] yr	Imaging	Duodenal findings	CBD stenosis	Duodenal stenosis
Bill et al[74] 1982	US, ERCP, angiography	NR	Yes	No
Holstege et al[75] 1985	US, CT, ERCP	Severe erosive gastritis + bulging of the duodenum	No	Yes
Tio et al[9] 1991	ERCP, EUS, US	Polypoid lesion	Yes	Yes
Tio et al[9] 1991	ERCP, EUS, US	NR	No	Yes
Flaherty et al[75] 1992	US	No	No	No
Izbicki et al[77] 1994	US, angiography, ERCP	NR	Yes	Yes
Fujita et al[14] 1997	US, CT, ERCP	Inflammation	No	Yes
Shudo et al[17] 1998	CT, US, ERCP, EUS, celiac angiography	Edema duodenal wall, Brunner hyperplasia	No	Yes
Wu et al[78] 1998	CT	NR	No	No
Babál et al[79] 1998	NR	NR	No	No
Rubay et al[21] 1999	CT, ERCP, MRI, EUS	No alterations	NR	Yes
Balachandar et al[22] 1999	CT, ERCP	No duodenal alteration	Yes	No
Mohl et al[25] 2001	CT	Stenosis	No	Yes
Mohl et al[25] 2001	US, CT, ERCP	Normal duodenal mucosa	No	No
Munthali Lovemore et al[26] 2001	US, CT, ERCP	NR	Yes	No
Indinnimeo et al[27] 2001	CT, MRI, EUS	No alterations	No	No
Shudo et al[28] 2002	CT, US, ERCP, EUS, celiac angiography	Irregular polypoid bulging; inflammation of the mucosa	NR	Yes
Glaser et al[29] 2002	US	Severe deformation + inflammatory changes	No	Yes
Hwang et al[31] 2003	US, CT, MRI	Duodenal inflammation, duodenal stenosis	NR	Yes
Jovanovic et al[32] 2004	US, CT, EUS, MRI	Stenosis	No	Yes
McFaul et al[80] 2004	US, CT, MRI	Brunner hyperplasia	Yes	Yes
McFaul et al[80] 2004	US, PET-CT	Brunner hyperplasia	No	No
Isayama et al[33] 2005	CT, EUS, MRCP, ERCP	NR	No	Yes
Chatelain et al[34] 2005	EUS, CT	Duodenal stenosis, inflammation	No	Yes
Chatelain et al[34] 2005	EUS, CT	Duodenal stenosis	No	Yes
Balzan et al[35] 2005	US, MRI, CT	NR	NR	NR
Sanada et al[43] 2007	CT, ERCP	Edema duodenal wall, Brunner hyperplasia	Yes	No
Balakrishnan et al[44] 2007	CT, ERCP, EUS	Edematous, shiny, reddish raise mucosa with polypoid appearance; Brunner hyperplasia	No	No
de Tejada et al[50] 2008	MRI, EUS	Bulging, Brunner hyperplasia	No	No
Stefanescu et al[51] 2008	CT, EUS	NR	No	Yes
Varma et al[53] 2008	US, CT	Brunner hyperplasia	No	No
Galloro et al[54] 2008	US, CT, EUS	Duodenal stenosis	No	Yes
Thomas et al[59] 2009	US, CT, EUS, octreotide scan	Brunner hyperplasia	No	Yes
Levenick et al[61] 2009	EUS, MRCP	Duodenal stenosis	No	Yes
Levenick et al[61] 2009	CT, EUS	Duodenal inflammation, duodenal stenosis	NR	Yes
Levenick et al[61] 2009	CT, EUS	Edema with acute and chronic inflammation	No	Yes
Levenick et al[61] 2009	CT, EUS, ERCP	NR	Yes	No
Yoshida et al[62] 2009	CT, MRCP	Normal mucosa	No	Yes
Meesiri[64] 2009	US, CT, MRI	Edema and hemorrhagic mucosa with inflammation	NR	No
Funamizu et al[65] 2009	ERCP, CT, angiography	NR	Yes	No
Viñolo Ubiñaet al[66] 2010	CT	Stenosis	NR	Yes
Tezuka et al[67] 2010	CT, ERCP	Edema duodenal wall	No	Yes
Lee et al[69] 2010	CT, MRCP	Active ulcer	Yes	No
Egorov et al[70] 2010	US, CT, EUS	Deformation, infiltration and ulcer; Inflammation	No	Yes
Egorov et al[70] 2010	US, CT, MRI, EUS	NR	Yes	Yes
German et al[72] 2010	US, CT, MRI	Edema duodenal wall; Brunner hyperplasia	Yes	Yes
Pezzilli 2011 Present paper	US, CT, EUS, ERCP	No	Yes	No
Pezzilli 2011 Present paper	US, CT, MRI	Hypertrophy of the Brunner glands	No	No
Pezzilli 2011 Present paper	US, CT	No	Yes	No
Overall	-	-	14/42	28/48
Overall	-	-	(33.30%)	(58.30%)

CBD: Common bile duct; NR: Not reported; US: Transabdominal ultrasonography; CT: Computer tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; PET-CT: Positron emission tomography with associated computer tomography.