Table 2.
Association between Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Infant Mortality by Analytic Model: U.S. Linked Birth and Infant Death Data Set, 2002
| Model I | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Gestational Weight Gain | ||||||||
| Inadequate | 2.23 *** | 1.84, 2.70 | 1.92 *** | 1.59, 2.33 | 1.89 *** | 1.56, 2.23 | 1.84 *** | 1.59, 2.34 |
| Normal (Ref) | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Excessive | 0.99 | 0.75, 1.33 | 1.04 | 0.78, 1.39 | 1.04 | 0.78, 1.39 | 1.03 | 0.78, 1.38 |
| Maternal and Infant Characteristics | ||||||||
| Term Birth (>36 weeks) | 0.08 *** | 0.06, 0.09 | 0.29 *** | 0.23, 0.37 | 0.29 *** | 0.23, 0.37 | 0.29 *** | 0.23, 0.37 |
| Maternal Age ≤34 y | 0.78 | 0.59, 1.02 | 0.77 | 0.59, 1.02 | 0.80 | 0.61,1 .05 | 0.89 | 0.67, 1.17 |
| Birth Weight ≤2500 | 10.05*** | 7.89, 12.80 | 9.83 *** | 7.71, 12.52 | 9.67 *** | 7.60, 12.30 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White (Ref) | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Hispanic | 1.07 | 0.83, 1.37 | 0.91 | 0.70, 1.18 | ||||
| African American | 1.33 ** | 1.08, 1.63 | 1.22 | 0.99, 1.51 | ||||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.56 | 0.30, 1.05 | 0.59 | 0.31, 1.08 | ||||
| American Indian | 1.63 | 0.77, 3.44 | 1.46 | 0.70, 3.10 | ||||
| Maternal Education | ||||||||
| Less than High School (<12y) (Ref) | - | - | - | - | ||||
| Completed High School (=12y) | 0.75 ** | 0.60, 0.94 | ||||||
| Some College (13–15y) | 0.66 ** | 0.51, 0.86 | ||||||
| Completed College (≥16y) | 0.54 *** | 0.41, 0.72 | ||||||
| −2 Log Likelihood | 10,514 | 10,111 | 10,077 | 10,097 | ||||
Note. OR=odds ratio. CI=confidence interval. Mothers of White race and who gained within the recommended range served as reference groups. Sampling weights were applied to produce population-level estimates.
**
p < .01
***
p < .001