Table 2.

Women Screening Positive for Smoking Before Pregnancy: Baseline Smokers Randomized to Intervention vs. Usual Care

Characteristic	Intervention (n=105)	Usual Care (n=90)	p-value
Maternal age (Mean ± SD)	26.9 ± 6.5	26.8 ± 6.1	0.930
Pregnancies (incl. current) (Mean ± SD)	4.8 ± 3.1	4.7 ± 2.6	0.948
Previous live births (Mean ± SD)	2.2 ± 2.1	2.2 ± 1.7	0.991
Relationship status:			0.522
- Single/separated/widowed/divorced	80 (76.2%)	72 (80.0%)
- Married/living with partner	25 (23.8%)	18 (20.0%)
Education level:			0.765
- < High school	51 (48.6%)	40 (44.4%)
- High school/GED	42 (40.0%)	37 (41.1%)
- Some college or more	12 (11.4%)	13 (14.4%)
Medicaid recipient	95 (90.5%)	79 (87.8%)	0.545
Alcohol use	39 (37.1%)	29 (32.2%)	0.472
Illicit drug use	28 (26.7%)	26 (28.9%)	0.730
Active smoking at follow-up	62 (74.7%)	54 (78.3%)	0.607
Active smoking at postpartum	64 (83.1%)	67 (91.8%)	0.111
Cotinine level at baseline (Mean ± SD)	192.9 ± 165.0	162.4 ± 144.6	0.216
Cotinine level at follow-up (Mean ± SD)	146.0 ± 139.4	131.9 ± 117.6	0.528
Cotinine level at postpartum (Mean ± SD)	290.8 ± 182.7	236.1 ± 162.2	0.103
ETSE at baseline	89 (87.3%)	75 (84.3%)	0.555
ETSE at follow-up	66 (80.5%)	52 (75.4%)	0.448
ETSE at postpartum	58 (74.4%)	56 (78.9%)	0.516
Depression at baseline	57 (54.3%)	45 (50.0%)	0.550
Depression at follow-up	39 (47.0%)	34 (49.3%)	0.779
Depression at follow-up postpartum	23 (29.9%)	23 (31.5%)	0.828
Intimate partner violence at baseline	38 (36.2%)	35 (38.9%)	0.698
Intimate partner violence at follow-up	8 (9.8%)	6 (8.7%)	0.823
Intimate partner violence at postpartum	6 (7.8%)	7 (9.6%)	0.696