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(A and B) Cell spreading is driven by actin polymerization at the leading edge. The actin polymerizes with speed Vp. The tension in the membrane T pushes on the actin with a force that is inversely proportional to the radius of curvature R, which is roughly equal to the thickness of the membrane h. Contractile forces inside the cell also pull the actin away from the leading edge with a speed Vr. (C) The spread area of the cell as a function of substrate stiffness and collagen density.
